Do you think what's in the video below is out of the ordinary? See here for an Israeli talking about shooting an 8 year old in the head. Watch this documentary about Gaza and this one about Palestine. See here for children that have been absolutely butchered beyond belief. See here for Israeli children signing bombs to send over into Palestine. See here for an Israeli wedding celebrating killing Palestinians. See here for Israel without its mascara.
Friday, March 25, 2022
Wednesday, March 23, 2022
WEF UNVEILS 'FLYING MICROCHIPS' THAT CAN DETECT 'THOUGHT CRIMES'
Monday, March 21, 2022
Monday, February 28, 2022
Gorilla Properties Doing "Property Maintenance" Outside of My Place On Same Day I'm In a Massive Car Accident
This was originally posted on January 11, 2019. This guy is an evil sick psycho.
Here is his picture now: he is a compulsive lying psychopath
that works with Public Safety Canada.
that works with Public Safety Canada.
See Pictures Below With Evidence!
His Company is Associated With
Public Safety Canada. This is the
Homeland Security of Canada
See here for more about Gorilla Properties. This is how insane these psychopaths are. They have people all around where I live, from the psycho living next door to me WHO CONSTANTLY BANGS ON MY WALL, to the property manager that had this Gorilla dirt-bag come to my townhouse complex and do "work" right where I live.
Literally on top of my roof and across the street. See the pictures below. I was in a car accident and the car was totaled. The accident happened January 10, 2019, the picture below was taken January 11 of 2019. You can see the front of my car that was in the accident the day before this picture was taken. (Top picture below.) Also, see the the towing truck receipt below where it says the date of the accident, the kind of car it was, (Honda) and the colour of the car, (Silver.)
What a coincidence, the same day I get in an accident the Gorilla truck shows up to do work. I have been living here for over a year and this is the only time I have ever seen his truck. It gets even better. The morning I had the accident an ambulance shows up at my house and knocks on the door (wakes me up,) and asked me if I called for an ambulance. This has never happened in my whole life, but, it happens the same morning BEFORE the accident happened! But wait there is more... when I got into the accident a fire truck and a ambulance drove by TWICE AND NEVER STOPPED. I WAS BLEEDING ALL OVER THE ROAD AND NO ONE STOPPED. The car was completely totaled. Believe me, they planned this accident --- this is how sick these people are. They are psychopaths.
These people watch every thing I think, say and do. Plus, they shoot me with microwaves. I now know they literally set this place up for me when I moved here, just like when I lived in Vancouver. The psychopath Mark Amery has been following me around for over a decade easily. The RCMP has community watch all around my place and in the neighborhood I live. (Mission B.C.) When I tried to go into the Facebook community groups for Mission and Maple Ridge, Facebook banned me. (See here, here and here for more about Facebook. See here for Facebook blocking me, I did open another account but they blocked that too.) Why? Because they do not want people to know the truth. This is exactly why I was banned from Facebook. The RCMP community watch works with the US intelligence agencies and Silicon Valley. Just look at the censorship with the RCMP here and here.
Tuesday, February 8, 2022
How Israeli Apartheid Destroyed My Hometown
The Deniable Punishment System of the Lying Scumbags- Psychologists and Psychiatrists (Like Jordan Peterson Who Blocked Me,) are Extremely Important for the Implementation of this System
Agents must take great care that each and every act of punishment is DENIABLE. See here, here, here and here. Also, be sure to watch this documentary and this video. See here for more about Jordan Peterson blocking me.
This means that should the target complain to police, or any other officials, or friends, neighbors, family members, or doctors, the nature of the punishment must be seen as the target’s “overactive imagination” or better yet, an indication the target is mentally ill. (The governments are involved, Homeland Security and Public Safety Canada. They are essentially criminals. Also see here.)
The system has worked for years to recruit the medical establishment to help maintain deniability, and today, most targets are immediately labeled as mentally ill and often forced onto anti-psychotic medication when they complain.
But their agents must still do their part skillfully to perform acts of punishment, so that almost anyone the target complains to will deny a crime against the target has taken place. As an agent, you will be trained in how to do this. The system has been blessed with advanced technology which enables heavy punishment at times the target is in their home, silently, through walls, and this is very deniable.
Agents must pass their initial training and demonstrate a high level of commitment to maintain community safety, and the ability to operate deniably, before they will be considered for advanced electronic punishment training. The organization is very fortunate in that we have been able to recruit top specialists to back up field operations people. Psychologists are the key to finding ways to maximize feelings of stress and hopelessness in the target, and degrading the target’s health, from many individual “minor” invasive punishment acts.
Technician’s in all fields- telecommunications, electric power, building electrical and alarm systems, and utility employees in all fields use their positions to inflict many absolutely “normal-looking” problems on targets on an ongoing basis. And of course, the services of many skilled locksmiths are invaluable in this.
As a community-based agent (CBA) you will have the privilege of working with a team capable of delivering better “justice” than the official system.
Wednesday, February 2, 2022
Originally Published in 2017: Absolute Must Watch Video For Canadians and Americans
Who Was the Second Country to Recognize the State of Israel After the USA?
The Communist USSR.
The Communist USSR.
The video below is an absolute MUST-WATCH for people who live in Canada and the United States. What you will see in the video is the exact same mentality that I have seen from some Zionists in Canada and the United States. They have no regard for the lives of those who oppose their lies and dictatorial rule. Let me clarify --- this is not about "coexistence" and abiding by the golden rule. This is what most normal people want but not some of these psychopathic Zionist dirtballs.
This is about resisting their rule over you. See here for more about Amalek. Judaism has a historical connection to slavery and usury. See how some of them used to sell slaves on Wall Street. This is also why they are the major ones behind Transhumanism, (see here and here,) some of these people want slaves. They just can't do it in the way they used to. They have to be much more sneaky because they know that you would revolt against them. Some of these people are liars beyond anything that most people have ever experienced. Don't you see how all of this is connected?
The system has been set up to find those who are politically knowledgeable and awake to their lies. They have set up tons of websites that are fronts. Once they find you, they get nanotechnology inside you, and then they contact people around you and begin to stalk, harass, and slander you all while shooting you with electromagnetic weapons. (See these government documents showing the technology.) The Internet is a part of this program. The internet is being used like Mao's Hundred Flowers Campaign. You must learn about this.
Essentially, it is a strategy of allowing a stage of liberalization and relative amounts of free expression in order to locate where their political opponents are. They are beginning to clamp down now. This is a Communist strategy and many of the techniques they are using come right out of East Germany. See here, here, here and here for the connections between Jews, Bolsheviks, the Cheka and the Stasi. The modern-day Homeland Security is an extension of this.
Here is the technology they use and here are the Stasi techniques they use when they find you.
Many of these Zionists are liars and they know this. Amazingly, this is exactly what they are defending. Their right to keep you ignorant and as their slave while they lie to your face. They don't care about the truth. They think they can do whatever they want and that YOU, their good little obedient slave ---- will never do a damn thing about it. They are complete psychopaths.
They will kill your dog and go after your family and make jokes about it. Remember, they are terrorists. Modern terrorism was invented by Jews and the state of Israel was born in blood. (See here, here, here and here.)
Once again, I am not saying all Jews are doing this, or that they are all participating.
What I am saying is that Jews and Judaism have a history of terrorist acts that exceed Islam.(See here, here, here, here, here, here, here and here for more about this.) Zionist terrorists are being given a blank check in North America. These extremists are allowed to persecute people in the United States and Canada and no one will say anything about it. It just shows you the level of power they have in North America.
Some of these people are literally at war with the population of Canada and the United States. This is why the FBI is saying this and this and why the Anti-Defamation League is so concerned about potential "anti-government sentiments." This is what Homeland Security is about. (Also see here.) Listen to this interview to learn more about this. Anyone who is politically aware knows this is the truth. This is happening right now!
For more videos like the one below please go here.
This is about resisting their rule over you. See here for more about Amalek. Judaism has a historical connection to slavery and usury. See how some of them used to sell slaves on Wall Street. This is also why they are the major ones behind Transhumanism, (see here and here,) some of these people want slaves. They just can't do it in the way they used to. They have to be much more sneaky because they know that you would revolt against them. Some of these people are liars beyond anything that most people have ever experienced. Don't you see how all of this is connected?
The system has been set up to find those who are politically knowledgeable and awake to their lies. They have set up tons of websites that are fronts. Once they find you, they get nanotechnology inside you, and then they contact people around you and begin to stalk, harass, and slander you all while shooting you with electromagnetic weapons. (See these government documents showing the technology.) The Internet is a part of this program. The internet is being used like Mao's Hundred Flowers Campaign. You must learn about this.
Essentially, it is a strategy of allowing a stage of liberalization and relative amounts of free expression in order to locate where their political opponents are. They are beginning to clamp down now. This is a Communist strategy and many of the techniques they are using come right out of East Germany. See here, here, here and here for the connections between Jews, Bolsheviks, the Cheka and the Stasi. The modern-day Homeland Security is an extension of this.
'The best way to control the opposition is to lead it ourselves.' ---- Vladimir Lenin
Here is the technology they use and here are the Stasi techniques they use when they find you.
Many of these Zionists are liars and they know this. Amazingly, this is exactly what they are defending. Their right to keep you ignorant and as their slave while they lie to your face. They don't care about the truth. They think they can do whatever they want and that YOU, their good little obedient slave ---- will never do a damn thing about it. They are complete psychopaths.
They will kill your dog and go after your family and make jokes about it. Remember, they are terrorists. Modern terrorism was invented by Jews and the state of Israel was born in blood. (See here, here, here and here.)
Once again, I am not saying all Jews are doing this, or that they are all participating.
What I am saying is that Jews and Judaism have a history of terrorist acts that exceed Islam.(See here, here, here, here, here, here, here and here for more about this.) Zionist terrorists are being given a blank check in North America. These extremists are allowed to persecute people in the United States and Canada and no one will say anything about it. It just shows you the level of power they have in North America.
Some of these people are literally at war with the population of Canada and the United States. This is why the FBI is saying this and this and why the Anti-Defamation League is so concerned about potential "anti-government sentiments." This is what Homeland Security is about. (Also see here.) Listen to this interview to learn more about this. Anyone who is politically aware knows this is the truth. This is happening right now!
For more videos like the one below please go here.
News Covers Organized Stalking & Satellite Terrorism & Dr. John Hall Interview About His Problems With Satellite Terrorism (Scroll Down to See Doctor's Video)
Download and listen to MP3 radio interviews with Dr. John Hall here, here, here, here, here and here.
Also, see here for an article by academics called Geo-Satellite Slavery.
Also, see here for an article by academics called Geo-Satellite Slavery.
It is rather interesting, Andrew Tate's name in Gematria is 666 and he was charged with supposedly human trafficking. I really don't know if he is or was, but, I do know there is a bunch of losers covering this up. Mr. Tate also mentioned that his father worked for the CIA at one time. How interesting. This is why you have to be suspicious of some people in the public eye. (He is far from being the only one.) This also involves parts of the military-industrial complex, corrupt cops, Wall Street, organized crime, drug dealers and drug cartels, the sex industry, (porn, escorts, etc.), and last but not least Hollywood.
Geo-slavery is "a practice in which one entity, the master, coercively or surreptitiously monitors and exerts control over the physical location of another individual, the slave."
Tuesday, January 18, 2022
Pure Evil: The Current FBI, NSA, CIA, RCMP, CSE, CSIS, and the Canadian Human Rights Commission Leadership That Should Be Prosecuted & Thrown In Jail or Hung
Email Letter I Sent to Prime Minister Justin Trudeau - Of Course No Reply. Email Letter I Sent to Head of Public Safety Canada, Marco Mendicino - Of Course No Reply. See here for more about the RCMP. (When you click through on the link, be sure to scroll down and go through all of the articles about the RCMP.)
See here for why CSIS and the CIA only hire sociopathic narcissists. See here for how intelligence agencies think they are God and lie all the time.
The people below are responsible for all of the laws the NSA, CIA and the Canadian CSE and CSIS are breaking---and believe me, there are tons of them. These organizations are above the law. These people are running organizations that are funded by the taxpayers and they are using classified technology on the population. They are complete psychopaths. That is not an overstatement.
For more information on classified technology, see here and here. See here for a list of articles about the organized stalking and discrediting techniques they practice. It is interesting that the FBI leadership page below shows a lot more than the CIA or the NSA. We need to know every piece of trash who works for the intelligence agencies, they are treasonous psychopaths. The CIA is pure evil, there is no other word for it. They work with organized crime all the time. Also, the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence in the United States is absolutely laughable. It is full of nothing but career politicians that sit around and do absolutely nothing. They are pathetic and they are liars.
For more information on classified technology, see here and here. See here for a list of articles about the organized stalking and discrediting techniques they practice. It is interesting that the FBI leadership page below shows a lot more than the CIA or the NSA. We need to know every piece of trash who works for the intelligence agencies, they are treasonous psychopaths. The CIA is pure evil, there is no other word for it. They work with organized crime all the time. Also, the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence in the United States is absolutely laughable. It is full of nothing but career politicians that sit around and do absolutely nothing. They are pathetic and they are liars.
If you read the Canadian Bill of Rights, it is actually the job of the Minister of Justice to notify others when laws are being passed that go against the Bill of Rights. But, no one cares and Canada is a pathetic country. Then there is the Canadian Human Rights Commission who I've personally talked to on the phone a few times. These people are the most despicable frauds in our country. Can you believe they actually have a link to the U.N.'s Declaration of Human Rights on their website, and yet, all they seem to care about is if someone called you a racist name at work or insulted your gender. Absolute total insanity. Human experimentation, criminal harassment and torture are all fine in Canada.
Click Here For the National Reconnaissance Office "Leadership"
Click Here For the National Geo-Spatial
Intelligence Agency "Leadership"
Click Here For the FBI "Leadership"
Click Here For the Homeland
Security "Leadership"
Click Here For the National Geo-Spatial
Intelligence Agency "Leadership"
Click Here For the FBI "Leadership"
Click Here For the Homeland
Security "Leadership"
Click Here For the Public Safety
Canada "Leadership"
Click Here For the RCMP "Leadership"
Click Here For the Canadian CSIS "Leadership"
Canada "Leadership"
Click Here For the RCMP "Leadership"
Click Here For the Canadian CSIS "Leadership"
Thursday, January 13, 2022
Yuval Harari Total Biometric Surveillance Under The Skin
Yuval Harari is an advisor to Klaus Schwab of the World Economic Forum. Klaus Schwab is the author of the "Great Reset," a book that was published just after the Covid-19 epidemic. The other book he has written is "the Fourth Industrial Revolution" which is about the "internet of things" or how everything will be hooked up to the internet, including us.
Yuval Harari is the author of Sapiens: a Brief History of Humankind, Homo Deus: a Brief History of Tomorrow, and 21 Lessons for the 21st Century.
Friday, January 7, 2022
Wednesday, January 5, 2022
NASA: Future Strategic Issues - Future Warfare-2025
See here for the paper. The video below mentions using nanotechnology and microwaves as weapons. See here and here for more about little-known technology. See here for more about microwaves and here for more about nanotechnology. See here for more about NASA and Chemtrails. See here for more about bio-warfare admitted by the FBI. See here for more about the Borg, Molecular Biology, and Nanotechnology. See here for more about Smart Dust and Genetic Engineering.
Tuesday, January 4, 2022
Talk About Mind Reading Technology
0:06: 
The co-founders of the Center for Humane Technology discuss the dark side of AI and the risks it poses to humanity.
6:31: 
The video discusses the impact of social media and AI on society and the need for responsibility and coordination to prevent negative consequences.
12:21: AI has become entangled with society and it is important to address the potential risks and challenges it poses.
17:56: 
Advancements in AI technology allow for the reconstruction of images from brain patterns, decoding inner monologues, and tracking human movement using Wi-Fi signals.
23:22: AI technology is rapidly advancing and has the potential to manipulate language, create virtual avatars, and influence human behavior.
28:31: 
The video highlights the rapid advancement and potential risks of AI language models, such as GPT-3, including their increasing theory of mind capabilities, ability to generate dangerous knowledge, and the ability to make themselves stronger through self-training.
34:22: AI is a recursive flywheel that improves itself, makes better chips, and optimizes supply chains.
39:31: The video discusses the potential harms and risks associated with the rapid deployment of AI technologies, focusing on the dangers of AI chatbots and the lack of legal protections in place.
44:58: 
The rapid deployment of AI language models without adequate safety measures poses significant risks to users, especially children.
49:33: 
The video discusses the need for humanity to address the challenges of climate change and technological advancements with wisdom and awareness.
55:03: The speaker discusses the potential future impact of AI on society and the need for collective intelligence to navigate the challenges it presents.
1:00:33: 
The video discusses the need for upgraded institutions and global coordination to ensure the responsible development of technology.
1:05:47: 
The speakers discuss the ethical dilemma of using technology to save lives at the cost of disrupting society.
The co-founders of the Center for Humane Technology discuss the dark side of AI and the risks it poses to humanity.
6:31: The video discusses the impact of social media and AI on society and the need for responsibility and coordination to prevent negative consequences.
12:21: AI has become entangled with society and it is important to address the potential risks and challenges it poses.
17:56: Advancements in AI technology allow for the reconstruction of images from brain patterns, decoding inner monologues, and tracking human movement using Wi-Fi signals.
23:22: AI technology is rapidly advancing and has the potential to manipulate language, create virtual avatars, and influence human behavior.
28:31: The video highlights the rapid advancement and potential risks of AI language models, such as GPT-3, including their increasing theory of mind capabilities, ability to generate dangerous knowledge, and the ability to make themselves stronger through self-training.
34:22: AI is a recursive flywheel that improves itself, makes better chips, and optimizes supply chains.
39:31: The video discusses the potential harms and risks associated with the rapid deployment of AI technologies, focusing on the dangers of AI chatbots and the lack of legal protections in place.
44:58: The rapid deployment of AI language models without adequate safety measures poses significant risks to users, especially children.
49:33: The video discusses the need for humanity to address the challenges of climate change and technological advancements with wisdom and awareness.
55:03: The speaker discusses the potential future impact of AI on society and the need for collective intelligence to navigate the challenges it presents.
1:00:33: The video discusses the need for upgraded institutions and global coordination to ensure the responsible development of technology.
1:05:47: The speakers discuss the ethical dilemma of using technology to save lives at the cost of disrupting society.Old Movie Clip Talks About Nanotechnology in the Brain and Direct Communication
Just remember, the same people that put this in a movie in 1967, are the same group of people who put hints in their movies and T.V. shows before the attacks of September 11th.
See the movie clip below, it is quite obvious they had this planned a long time ago, just like the internet, which Arthur C. Clarke talks about in this old clip from 1974.
For other posts on this topic, see here. For ethical considerations, see here and here. See here for more about the DARPA tracking Grid, which is from released documents from the United States military and intelligence. The DARPA tracking grid also uses smart dust and nanotechnology.
For other posts on this topic, see here. For ethical considerations, see here and here. See here for more about the DARPA tracking Grid, which is from released documents from the United States military and intelligence. The DARPA tracking grid also uses smart dust and nanotechnology.
Monday, January 3, 2022
Zionist Vigilantes With James Altucher and Curtis Sliwa. Read James Altucher's Subvocal Speech, Hook His Brain Up To a Headset or a Brain Computer Interface, See What He is Covering Up- No More Secrets Psycho
You Like Lying James? You Think You Can Get Away With Lying to Everyone & Being a Phony? See Links & Screenshot Below
the Video!
2. The head of the Guardian Angels is one of the speakers in the bottom video here: watch the video. James Altucher used to have a picture up on his Twitter with him and Curtis, James was wearing a Guardian Angels outfit.
Sunday, January 2, 2022
Saturday, January 1, 2022
The Great 'Transhumanism' Reset: 'Smart Dust' Spying on Your Brain, Human Microchipping
As early as 2014, futurologist Dr. Oskar Villani said it was possible to monitor people with barely visible computer chips. These tiny chips are called “Smart Dust.” Hundreds of them can be “transferred” to a person with a simple handshake. DARPA, a military research facility of the US Department of Defense, was significantly involved in its development. They also found a way to use Smart Dust to read our brain waves and signals, potentially exposing unexpressed thoughts and moods. The merging of humans with machines is being used to advance globalists’ interests, reshape humanity, and gain complete control over every aspect of our lives.
Futurologist Oskar Villani 2014 Interview
It appears that it is possible to transfer tiny chips, which are hardly visible to the naked eye, to other people with a handshake – it is no longer even necessary to implant microchips to monitor people. On July 1, 2014, the futurologist Oskar Villani was a guest on German television program “Heute Konkret”. The nearly 5-minute interview begins with Villani shaking hands with presenter Claudia Reiterer and then telling her that he has now transferred several hundred microchips to her, which can now be used to monitor her for up to 14 days and read a wide variety of data.
These tiny chips are called “Smart Dust,” hundreds of them can be “transferred” with a simple handshake. DARPA, a military research facility of the US Department of Defense, was significantly involved in the development. Villani also reported there is a way to use Smart Dust to monitor our brains.
Watch the following Interview with Dr. Oskar Villani that has been translated by RAIR Foundation USA here:
Intelligent Dust: Developed Through Military Research
Because the so-called ” smart dust” was already developed in the 1990s by Dr. Kris Pister, a professor of electrical engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, as a simple way to use smart wireless sensors, Pister envisioned a world where ubiquitous sensors could measure almost anything. Unsurprisingly, the U.S. military provided the impetus, funding, and development.
In 1997, DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) funded Pister’s research as part of their Smart Dust project. (DARPA was also involved in the development of mRNA technology). Then, in 2001, the American military conducted a surveillance test with the devices. After successfully calculating the speed and direction of 142 military vehicles, the test was declared a great success.
Brain Monitoring
In 2013, MIT reported, “How Smart Dust Could Spy On Your Brain.” This study revealed how Smart Dust is already developed, used, and soon will be a daily part of our lives.
Once again, Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, were the first to propose what they called ‘neural dust’ – millimeter-sized sensors that could be implanted in the body and used to stimulate nerves and muscles and monitor the activity of different organs.
It consists of “many small wireless microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).” MEMS are tiny devices with cameras, sensors, and communication mechanisms to transmit the data to be stored and further processed. They are usually between 20 micrometers and one millimeter in size. They are wirelessly connected to a computer network and distributed over a specific area to perform tasks, generally using RFID technology(Radio Frequency Identification) can be recorded.
Elon Musk and Neuralink: Can We Read People’s Minds Soon
In 2016, DARPA program manager Doug Weber stated that “neural dust [note: smart dust] represents a radical departure from the traditional approach of using radio waves for wireless communication with implanted devices.” And further: “The soft parts of our body consist mostly of saltwater. Sound waves can pass through this tissue unhindered and be focused with great accuracy on nerve targets deep in our body, while radio waves cannot.” Using ultrasound to communicate with the nerve dust also allows the sensors to be made smaller. For example, they can be introduced into the body by injection with a needle.
This, therefore, is a technology that can be used in the spirit of transhumanists. Elon Musk has already founded Neuralink, a company whose goal is to connect the human brain to a computer. The company is developing an ultra-high bandwidth brain chip to connect humans, computers, and artificial intelligence, what Musk refers to as “a Fitbit in your skull with tiny wires.”
In 2020, Musk and Neuralink demonstrated their success with implanting just such a chip in pigs, with humans being their next target.
Schwab writes that the ability “for law enforcement agencies and courts to use techniques to determine the likelihood of criminal activity, assess guilt or even possibly retrieve memories directly from people’s brains will increase,” adding, “Even crossing a national border might one day involve a detailed brain scan to assess an individual’s security risk.”
Klaus goes on to state that the “Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies will not stop at becoming part of the physical world around us; they will become part of us,” adding,
Indeed, some of us already feel that our smartphones have become an extension of ourselves. Today’s external devices—from wearable computers to virtual reality headsets—will almost certainly become implantable in our bodies and brains.
Exoskeletons and prosthetics will increase our physical power, while advances in neurotechnology enhance our cognitive abilities. We will become better able to manipulate our own genes, and those of our children
For years, people have been implanted with chips linked to digital currencies and smart devices through the 5G network to process payments directly and allow them to access their homes, offices, and gyms. The chips also allow big-tech databases and government surveillance measures to track and monitor their location, activities, and behaviors.
A global system of totalitarian technocracy has arrived; of course, I’m sure it will only help us! What an exciting “brave new world” we are entering. As Klaus notes:
[It] will change not only what we do but also who we are. It will affect our identity and all the issues associated with it: our sense of privacy, our notions of ownership, our consumption patterns, the time we devote to work and leisure, and how we develop our careers, cultivate our skills, meet people, and nurture relationships.”
Wednesday, December 15, 2021
Implantable “Neural Dust” Enables Precise Wireless Recording of Nerve Activity
First in vivo tests demonstrate ultrasound can be used to wirelessly power and communicate with millimeter-scale devices surgically placed in muscles and nerves
OUTREACH@DARPA.MIL8/3/2016
Therapeutic modulation of the activity of the body’s peripheral nervous system (PNS) holds a world of potential for mitigating and treating disease and other health conditions—if researchers can figure out a feasible long-term mechanism for communicating with the nerves and pathways that make up the body’s information superhighway between the spinal cord and other organs.
What does “feasible” look like? Small is the best start—small enough to someday perhaps be injected or ingested—but also precise, wireless, stable, and comfortable for the user. Modern electrode-based recording technologies feature some, but not all of these qualities. Hardwired solutions present challenges for chronic use, while existing wireless solutions cannot be adequately scaled down to the sizes needed to record activity from small-diameter nerves and record independently from many discrete sites within a nerve bundle. DARPA’s Electrical Prescriptions (ElectRx) program is focused in part on overcoming these constraints and delivering interface technologies that are suitable for chronic use for biosensing and neuromodulation of peripheral nerve targets.
Now, as described in results published today in the journal Neuron, a DARPA-funded research team led by the University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences has developed a safe, millimeter-scale wireless device small enough to be implanted in individual nerves, capable of detecting electrical activity of nerves and muscles deep within the body, and that uses ultrasound for power coupling and communication. They call these devices “neural dust.” The team completed the first in vivo tests of this technology in rodents.
“Neural dust represents a radical departure from the traditional approach of using radio waves for wireless communication with implanted devices,” said Doug Weber, the DARPA program manager for ElectRx. “The soft tissues of our body consist mostly of saltwater. Sound waves pass freely through these tissues and can be focused with pinpoint accuracy at nerve targets deep inside our body, while radio waves cannot. Indeed, this is why sonar is used to image objects in the ocean, while radar is used to detect objects in the air. By using ultrasound to communicate with the neural dust, the sensors can be made smaller and placed deeper inside the body, by needle injection or other non-surgical approaches.”
The prototype neural dust “motes” currently measure 0.8 millimeters x 3 millimeters x 1 millimeter as assembled with commercially available components. The researchers estimate that by using custom parts and processes, they could manufacture individual motes of 1 cubic millimeter or less in size—possibly as small as 100 microns per side. The small size means multiple sensors could be placed near each other to make more precise recordings of nerve activity from many sites within a nerve or group of nerves.
Though their miniscule size is an achievement in itself, the dust motes are as impressive for the elegant simplicity of their engineering. Each sensor consists of only three main parts: a pair of electrodes to measure nerve signals, a custom transistor to amplify the signal, and a piezoelectric crystal that serves the dual purpose of converting the mechanical power of externally generated ultrasound waves into electrical power and communicating the recorded nerve activity. The neural dust system also includes an external transceiver board that uses ultrasound to power and communicate with the motes by emitting pulses of ultrasonic energy and listening for reflected pulses. During testing, the transceiver board was positioned approximately 9 millimeters away from the implant.
The piezoelectric crystal is key to the design of neural dust. Pulses of ultrasonic energy emitted by the external board affect the crystal. While some of the pulses are reflected back to the board, others cause the crystal to vibrate. This vibration converts the mechanical power of the ultrasound wave into electrical power, which is supplied to the dust mote’s transistor. Meanwhile, any extracellular voltage change across the mote’s two recording electrodes—generated by nerve activity—modulates the transistor’s gate, which changes the current flowing between the terminals of the crystal. These changes in current alter the vibration of the crystal and the intensity of its reflected ultrasonic energy. In this way, the shape of the reflected ultrasonic pulses encodes the electrophysiological voltage signal recorded by the implanted electrodes. This signal can be reconstructed externally by electronics attached to the transceiver board to interpret nerve activity. “One of the most appealing features of the neural dust sensors is that they are completely passive. Because there are no batteries to be changed, there is no need for further surgeries after the initial implant,” Weber said.
Another benefit of the system is that ultrasound is safe in the human body; ultrasound technologies have long been used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Most existing wireless PNS sensors use electromagnetic energy in the form of radio waves for coupling and communication, but these systems become inefficient for sensors smaller than 5 millimeters. To work at smaller scales, these systems must increase their energy output, and much of that energy gets absorbed by surrounding tissue. Ultrasound has the advantage of penetrating deeper into tissue at lower power levels, reducing the risk of adverse effects while yielding excellent spatial resolution.
This proof of concept was developed under the first phase of the ElectRx program. The research team will continue to work on further miniaturizing the sensors, ensuring biocompatibility, increasing the portability of the transceiver board, and achieving clarity in signals processing when multiple sensors are placed near each other.
Image Caption: Each neural dust sensor consists of only three main parts: a pair of electrodes to measure nerve signals, a custom transistor to amplify the signal, and a piezoelectric crystal that serves the dual purpose of converting the mechanical power of externally generated ultrasound waves into electrical power and communicating the recorded nerve activity.
What does “feasible” look like? Small is the best start—small enough to someday perhaps be injected or ingested—but also precise, wireless, stable, and comfortable for the user. Modern electrode-based recording technologies feature some, but not all of these qualities. Hardwired solutions present challenges for chronic use, while existing wireless solutions cannot be adequately scaled down to the sizes needed to record activity from small-diameter nerves and record independently from many discrete sites within a nerve bundle. DARPA’s Electrical Prescriptions (ElectRx) program is focused in part on overcoming these constraints and delivering interface technologies that are suitable for chronic use for biosensing and neuromodulation of peripheral nerve targets.
Now, as described in results published today in the journal Neuron, a DARPA-funded research team led by the University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences has developed a safe, millimeter-scale wireless device small enough to be implanted in individual nerves, capable of detecting electrical activity of nerves and muscles deep within the body, and that uses ultrasound for power coupling and communication. They call these devices “neural dust.” The team completed the first in vivo tests of this technology in rodents.
“Neural dust represents a radical departure from the traditional approach of using radio waves for wireless communication with implanted devices,” said Doug Weber, the DARPA program manager for ElectRx. “The soft tissues of our body consist mostly of saltwater. Sound waves pass freely through these tissues and can be focused with pinpoint accuracy at nerve targets deep inside our body, while radio waves cannot. Indeed, this is why sonar is used to image objects in the ocean, while radar is used to detect objects in the air. By using ultrasound to communicate with the neural dust, the sensors can be made smaller and placed deeper inside the body, by needle injection or other non-surgical approaches.”
The prototype neural dust “motes” currently measure 0.8 millimeters x 3 millimeters x 1 millimeter as assembled with commercially available components. The researchers estimate that by using custom parts and processes, they could manufacture individual motes of 1 cubic millimeter or less in size—possibly as small as 100 microns per side. The small size means multiple sensors could be placed near each other to make more precise recordings of nerve activity from many sites within a nerve or group of nerves.
Though their miniscule size is an achievement in itself, the dust motes are as impressive for the elegant simplicity of their engineering. Each sensor consists of only three main parts: a pair of electrodes to measure nerve signals, a custom transistor to amplify the signal, and a piezoelectric crystal that serves the dual purpose of converting the mechanical power of externally generated ultrasound waves into electrical power and communicating the recorded nerve activity. The neural dust system also includes an external transceiver board that uses ultrasound to power and communicate with the motes by emitting pulses of ultrasonic energy and listening for reflected pulses. During testing, the transceiver board was positioned approximately 9 millimeters away from the implant.
The piezoelectric crystal is key to the design of neural dust. Pulses of ultrasonic energy emitted by the external board affect the crystal. While some of the pulses are reflected back to the board, others cause the crystal to vibrate. This vibration converts the mechanical power of the ultrasound wave into electrical power, which is supplied to the dust mote’s transistor. Meanwhile, any extracellular voltage change across the mote’s two recording electrodes—generated by nerve activity—modulates the transistor’s gate, which changes the current flowing between the terminals of the crystal. These changes in current alter the vibration of the crystal and the intensity of its reflected ultrasonic energy. In this way, the shape of the reflected ultrasonic pulses encodes the electrophysiological voltage signal recorded by the implanted electrodes. This signal can be reconstructed externally by electronics attached to the transceiver board to interpret nerve activity. “One of the most appealing features of the neural dust sensors is that they are completely passive. Because there are no batteries to be changed, there is no need for further surgeries after the initial implant,” Weber said.
Another benefit of the system is that ultrasound is safe in the human body; ultrasound technologies have long been used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Most existing wireless PNS sensors use electromagnetic energy in the form of radio waves for coupling and communication, but these systems become inefficient for sensors smaller than 5 millimeters. To work at smaller scales, these systems must increase their energy output, and much of that energy gets absorbed by surrounding tissue. Ultrasound has the advantage of penetrating deeper into tissue at lower power levels, reducing the risk of adverse effects while yielding excellent spatial resolution.
This proof of concept was developed under the first phase of the ElectRx program. The research team will continue to work on further miniaturizing the sensors, ensuring biocompatibility, increasing the portability of the transceiver board, and achieving clarity in signals processing when multiple sensors are placed near each other.
Image Caption: Each neural dust sensor consists of only three main parts: a pair of electrodes to measure nerve signals, a custom transistor to amplify the signal, and a piezoelectric crystal that serves the dual purpose of converting the mechanical power of externally generated ultrasound waves into electrical power and communicating the recorded nerve activity.
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